ln = c

E = hn

c = 3.00 x 108 m/s

NA = 6.022x1023

l = h/mv

h = 6.63 x 10-34 J·s

n = Rh[(1/n12) - (1/n22)]

Rh = 3.29 x 1015 Hz






1. Calculate the wavelength of yellow light of frequency 5.20 ´ 1014 Hz.
A.520 nm
B.1150 nm
C.173 nm
D.382 nm
E.577 nm


2. Calculate the energy per photon of blue light of frequency 6.40 ´ 1014 Hz. Planck's constant is 6.63 ´ 10–34 J·s.
A.256 kJ
B.9.65 ´ 1047 J
C.1.27 ´ 10–10 J
D.4.24 ´ 10–19 J
E.1.04 ´ 10–48 J


3. The wavelike character of ordinary objects like a thrown baseball cannot be detected because
A.their kinetic energy is too small.
B.of the uncertainty principle.
C.their wavelengths are so short.
D.their wavelengths are so long.
E.their frequencies are so small.


4. Which of the following is true?
A.An s-orbital becomes more dense as the distance from the nucleus increases.
B.A p-orbital has a spherical boundary surface.
C.An electron in an s-orbital has a nonzero probability of being found at the nucleus.
D.An s-orbital has two lobes on opposite sides of the nucleus.
E.An electron in a p-orbital has a nonzero probability of being found at the nucleus.


5. Which of the following is a possible set of quantum numbers for a 4p-electron?
A.n = 4, l = 2, mE = –1, ms = – ½
B.n = 4, l = 2, mE = 0, ms = ½
C.n = 4, l = 3, mE = 2, ms = ½
D.n = 4, l = 4, mE = –2, ms = ½
E.n = 4, l = 1, mE = 0, ms = – ½


6. Which subshell can hold the greatest number of electrons?
A.6p
B.3d
C.4d
D.4f
E.5d


7. What is the ground-state electron configuration of a cobalt atom?
A.[Ar]3d54s2
B.[Ar]3d84s2
C.[Ar]3d64s2
D.[Ar]3d54s1
E.[Ar]3d74s2


8. What is the electron configuration of the Fe2+ ion?
A.[Ar]3d5
B.[Ar]3d54s2
C.[Ar]3d54s1
D.[Ar]3d6
E.[Ar]3d44s2


9. Which of the following species has the smallest radius?
A.Cl–
B.S2–
C.K+
D.K
E.Ca2+


10. Which of the following has the highest first ionization energy?
A.oxygen
B.sulfur
C.iron
D.cesium
E.boron


11. How many dots should one place around the symbol for phosphorus, P, when writing the Lewis symbol for the atom?
A.5
B.15
C.8
D.4
E.3


12. The lattice enthalpy of barium chloride is the energy change for the reaction
A.BaCl2(s) ® Ba(g) + 2Cl(g)
B.Ba(g) + 2Cl(g) ® BaCl2(g)
C.BaCl2(s) ® Ba2+(g) + 2Cl–(g)
D.BaCl2(s) ® Ba(g) + Cl2(g)
E.Ba(s) + Cl2(g) ® BaCl2(s)


13. Resonance forms can be written for
A.NH3
B.H2S
C.H2O
D.OF2
E.SO2


14. How many resonance forms can be written for the NCS– ion?
A.3
B.0
C.1
D.2
E.4


15. For the Lewis structure below, the formal charges on Cl, N, and O, respectively, are

A.0, 0, 0
B.0, +1, –1
C.0, –1, +1
D.–1, 0, +1
E.–1, +1, 0


16. All of the following have at least one Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule except
A.ClO2
B.HOCl
C.ClO2–
D.BrCl
E.ClO4–


17. Which of the following is a free radical?
A.NO
B.NO2–
C.CO
D.CO2
E.CN–


18. The number of lone pairs around the central iodine atom in I3– is
A.3
B.0
C.2
D.5
E.1


19. Which of the following has bonds with the most ionic character?
A.MgI2
B.CaCl2
C.MgCl2
D.MgBr2
E.CaBr2


20. Select the elements that have the lowest and the highest electronegativities, respectively.
   S, Li, Cl, Na, Al
A.Na and Al
B.Na and Cl
C.Li and S
D.Li and Cl
E.Al and S



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